Art of waving human hair



Jan. 17, 1956 e. N. OLIVEROS 2,731,021

ART OF WAVING HUMAN HAIR Filed June 19, 1950 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 FIG. I

lnv n'ro GLADYS N. OLIVE? Attorney Jan. 17, 1956 G. N. ouvERos 2,731,021

ART OF WAVING HUMAN HAIR Filed June 19, 1950 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 FIG. 6

' lnvenior: GLADYS M OLIVEROS,

Attorney United States Patent I ART OF WAVING HUMAN HAIR Gladys N. Oliveros, Houston, Tex.

Application June 19, 1950, Serial No. 168,990

Claims. (Cl. 132-33) This invention relates to the art of waving human hair, and is more particularly directed to a novel. method of and apparatus for imparting a so-called permanent wave to the new growth of hair adjacent the scalp without rewaving the outer ends of the hair or adversely affecting the wave still remaining in such ends from a previous permanent.

It is well known that the too frequent permanent waving of hair results in over-processing, a condition manifesting itself in the hair becoming dry and brittle and of the present invention, the hair may be permanently waved as often as desired, since the new wave is applied only to the new growth of hair adjacent the scalp, with the outer, previously waved ends of the hair being sealed off from the possibly deleterious effects of the new waving operation.

According to the preferred practice of the invention, the outer, previously waved ends of the hair are wound on a rod or mandrel and the so-wound hair is thereupon enclosed in a cylinder which functions efiectively to seal off the previously waved ends against ingress of the hair waving solution or lotion employed in imparting the wave to the fresh grown length ofhair adjacent the scalp. Following the sealing-ofi of the outer waved ends of the hair, as aforesaid, the waving solution may be applied freely to the unwaved or straight hair extending between the cylinder and the scalp in accordance with the coldwave technique, and such hair is then curled around the cylinder which now functions as a curling mandrel. Or, if a hot-wave is desired, the straight hair is curled on the cylinder and a permanent wave is imparted thereto by either of the so-called machine or machine-less hot-wave methods.

The invention also provides simple, effective and thoroughly dependable apparatus for carrying out the above generally described process of giving a permanent wave only to the newly grown length of hair adjacent the scalp while protecting the waved outer ends thereof. Since, as aforesaid, the invention is applicable to both coldand hot-wave processes, the apparatus aforesaid is so characterized and constructed that it may be cooperated with the standard scalp protector or spacer employed in imparting a wave by the hot-wave process, sometimes referred to in the art as Croquignole waving.

The above features and advantages of the invention will be seen from the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings illustrating certain steps of the herein contemplated method of and ice the apparatus employed for permanently waving the human hair, in which- Fig. l is a separated view of one form of apparatus comprising a winding rod and a cylinder adapted upon assembly to seal off and protect the previously waved ends of the hair, preparatory to permanent-waving the new growth of hair adjacent the scalp, according to the invention;

Fig. 2 is a section taken on line 2-2 of Fig. 1;

Figs. 3, 4 and 5 illustrate the manner of carrying out the novel method of the invention utilizing apparatus as illustrated in Fig. 1, Fig. 5 further depicting the use of the sealing-off cylinder as a curling mandrel for the straight portion of hair to receive a wave; 7

Fig. 6 is a view similar to Fig. 1 but illustrating a moditied cylinder and winding rod assembly designed for use with standard equipment for giving a machine or so-called Croguignole wave;

Fig. 6A is a cut-away perspective view of the modified cylinder and winding rod assembly illustrated in Fig. 6;

Fig. 6B is a detail view illustrating diagrammatically the manner in which the Fig. 6 cylinder closes;

Fig. 7 is a view similar to Fig. 5, illustrating the straight hair portion to be waved wound on the modified rod and cylinder assembly shown in Fig. 6; and

Fig. 8 is a view illustrating the manner in which the apparatus illustrated in Fig. 6 may be cooperated with the standard protector or spacer employed in giving a hot wave.

Referring to the drawings, wherein like reference characters designate like parts throughout the several views, and more particularly to the apparatus illustrated in Fig. 1, such comprises a winding rod generally designated 10, the rod carrying at its one end a cylindrical cap 12 which is provided in its end faces with cross slots 14, 14a. A cylinder generally designated 16 is adapted to be slipped over the rod 10 and telescoped into the end cap 12 which closes one end thereof, and the other end of the cylinder is adapted to be closed by a cylindrical end cap 18 which, upon assembly of cylinder on rod, is then slipped over the open end of the cylinder. The end cap 18, like the end cap 14, is provided in its end face with cross slots 20, 20a. The rod with its end cap 12 and the end cap 18 are preferably fashioned from a material having good heat-insulating properties, for example, Tenite or hard rubber.

The aforesaid cylinder 16 is preferably made in two longitudinal half-sections 16a, 16b from a suitable lightweight material, such as aluminum, and said half-sections are interiorly lined with a thin sheet 22 of rubber or equivalent material cemented or otherwise secured to their inner wall surfaces. Preferably, the rubber lining extends across two adjacent longitudinal edges of the cylinder sections and thus acts as an elastic hinge about which said sections may be opened and closed with respect to one another. The aforesaid lining may extend a small distance beyond the other two longitudinal edges of the cylinde-r sections which define a narrow slit-like opening extending the full axial length of the cylinder, thus to provide sealing lips'24, 24a extending along both edges of said opening. Preferably, the end edges of the rubber lining are also extended over the ends of the cylinder sections and are folded back and permanently secured to the outer surfaces thereof, thus to form outer sealing bands 26, 26a at the cylinder ends.

The outer diameter of the cylinder 16 when its sections are closed is such that it has snug fit within the end caps 12, 18. Thus, upon assembly of the cylinder on the rod 10 with end caps in place, the ends of the cylinder are effectively sealed, both by the snug fit thereof within the end caps and the sealing effect of the sealing band 26, 26a provided by the extended ends of the rubher lining. 'Moreover,"the two longitudinal joints between the cylinder sections are efiectively sealed-tothe ingress of moisture or liquid, both by the rubber lining which extends across the hinged edges of said sections, and by the'projectinglips 24, 24a'pr'ovidedthereby-which seal the joint between the other longitudinaledges 'of said se'ctions,'although allowing -a section ofhair to emerge-from the cylinder through the narrow slit-like opening extending along said edges.

"In carrying'out the practice of the invention, and assuming the new growth of "strai'ghthair adjacent the scalp is to be waved by the cold-wave process, thehair is sectioned'in the usual manner and theouter end of the "section in which a wave "still remains from a previous p ermanent waveis woundonthe rod 10;the'winding operation" being facilitated as lay-wrapping the'terminal ends of the hair in a paper wrapper designated 28, Fig. 3. As indicated'in Fig. 4, winding is continued until thes'traight' or unwavednew growth length of hair adja'cent the scalp is reached, v'vhereupon the cylinder 16 isclosed on the 'woundhair by assembling-it on the rod 10, and the end cap 18 on the cylinder. Accordingly, thewoundouter end length of hair isreffectively' enclosed andsealedwithin the cylinder and 'the new growth, straight'portion" of thehair extending between cylinder and scalp is ready for Waving.

The 'conventional'cold-Wave lotion or solution may now be applied to the aforesaid straightportion of hair which is then curled about the cylinder'16 functioning as a curling mandrel. Upon the cylinder being rolled to the scalp, as'indicated'in- Fig/5, a'rubber band or other securing means 30 is threaded through corresponding-slots in the end caps 12, 18, thus to secure the cylinder and hair curled thereon firmly to the head. The curl or wave so initiated is then'allo'wed to 'set 'in the W611 known manner of'cold waving. Upon the wave being set, the rubber'band 30 is removed,'the newly waved hair is unrolled from the cylinder whereupon the latter is disassembled from the rod, and finally the rod is turned to unwind the end'portions'of the hair first wound thereon.

Itwill thus be seen that according to the invention the outer ends of the hair in'which a wave still remains from a prior permanent are adequately protected during the operationof giving a permanentto 'the'new growth of hair adjacent the scalp. It will also beobserved'that the same apparatusemplo'yedin protecting the outer waved ends of thehair is utilized'in imparting'the wave to the new growth of straight hair. Thus, the invention makes possible thepermanent"waving-of'hair without waiting until the previous wave has grown out sufliciently that it maybe cut off, and 'without'danger of impairing the life and appearance" of the hair in which a waveremains from an earlier permanent.

Referring to Figs;6,"7 and 9 (in'conjunction with Figs. 3 ),"the' apparatus and methodof the invention is also applicable to the hot-waving of hair. "For such application, the construction of the cylinder and'winding rod assembly'is slightly modified 'so that it canbe used with the standard scalp protector'or spacer emp'loyedin the conventional machine waving processes, and more particularly the'processknownas Croquignolewaving. As seen in Figs. 6 and 6A, a winding rod'etl on which the previously waved endsof the hair are Wound, and which maybe knurled-as shown" to aid in securing the first 'winding, is provided atboth of its ends with cylindrical enlargements 42, 42a which'serve as closure-plugs for the ends of cylinder 44 functioning similarly t'othe previously described cylinder 16. The adjacent ends of the closure plugs have reduced diameter, thereby "providing shouldered seats 46, 46a on which the lined ends'of' cylinder sections engage.

Saidreduced-diameter ends are further, provided with axially aligned slots 47,47a, four slots spaced"90' from one another in each cylinder end being illustratively shown. The cylinder 44,1ik'e the cylinder 16, m t

in two longitudinal half-sections which are interiorly lined --with -rubber-or neoprene, the-lining forming anelastic hinge between sections as previously described. However, as seen in Figs. 6A and 6B, one longitudinal side edge 44b of one cylinder section is turned radially inwardly so as to fit any one pair of axially related slots 47, 47a with which it is coooperated, thus to lock cylinder to Winding rod andprevent relative rotation there between. The corresponding edge 44a ofthe other cylinder section has extra length so'thatit' can overlap the inturned edge'44b -and thereby; seal the-opening between said edges upon the hair being wound or curled about the cylinder; as will'bedesc'ribed.

One end of .the rod-40'ais extended beyond the corresponding closure plug 42 and mounts a winged handle 48 whose shank is spaced slightly from the adjacent plug face as at 40a. The other closure plug 42a may be provided witha bore which is threaded as shown to mount a' headed screw 50whose' headSOa may be formed rectangular. The purposeoflthe rod'portion 40a and the rectangularheadeoa'of the screw 50 is to enab'le'the cylinder and rod assembly tobeslipped intothe' end bifurcations'52, 52a and 54, 54a of a standard'scalp protector or spacer 56 irr'the manner shown in Fig. 8, whereby waving of the new growth. of hairadjacent the scalp according tojthe invention 'maybe' effected 'in the standard machine for 'applyinga hot or Croquignole wave. The provision of the screw '50 turnably mounted in the closure plug 42a is of advantage in permitting .the application of the requisite tension as to' stretch'the hair wound on'thecylinder 44 as' by turning the rod and cylinder assembly relative to screw following mounting of the assembly inthe protector 56.

In carrying out the method of the invention in giving a" machine wave as" aforesaid, the previously waved end portion of" a section of the hair is wound'or rolled on the rod 40' to a point where the straight or unwaved hair begins, 'as previously described-in connection with the cold waving process. Th'ereupon, the cylinder 44'is assembled onithe rod, andeffects sealing-off of the winding of hair'enclosed therein. 'if' a'waving solution or lotion is to be applied according to the particular waving technique being followed,it' may be applied for the length of hair extending between cylinder and clamp 56, which was earlier applied as'usual, and'the straight portion of the hair is .now curled about the cylinder, the latter functioning as a curling mandrel. Upon the hair being curled to thejprotector as aforesaid, the cylinder is inserted .into the. bifurcations 52, 52a and '54, 54a thereof, as indicated in -Fig. 8, whereuponthe' heating cl'arnps 'may be closed about 'thehair curled on the cylinder in accordance with the usual; practice of giving a machine wave. Or, if aimachineless'hot -wave is to be given, "the pad containing the exothermic solution is wrapped about 'cylinderand hair curled thereon and the waving process is completed as usual.

"It will be observedthat'the hair -sealed within'the cylinder as aforesaid is also substantially heat-insulated from the hair wound externally about the same, but any heat passing to the interior of the cylinder may be usefully employed,- as by applying .atreating oil to the waved end portion of the hair prior to winding the same. on rod-40, with .the .mildv amount of .heat passing into .the cylinder. activating Jtheitreating oil-and--.thus causing it to exercise. .itsrbeneficial function.

Without further analysispit willbe-seen that the novel method and apparatus as described.achievesithedesirable objectives set forth in the foregoing of imparting a permanent wave to the new growth of hair adjacent the :scalp without etfectingtheouter end portions of the hair still retaining the wave from a priorpermanent waving -operation. The described method is simple *inpractice, and thedisclosed apparatusfor carrying outthe method gmayv be inexpensively construct'edgis "thoroughly dependable in operation, and requires no special skill in its use as aforesaid.

As many changes could be made in carrying out the above method and constructions without departing from the scope of the invention, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

I claim:

1. Apparatus for protecting the waved end portion of hair and being useful in imparting a permanent Wave to the new-growth length portion of the hair adjacent the scalp, comprising, in combination, a rod on which the waved end portion of the hair is adapted to be wound, a cylinder comprising two hingedly connected cylindrical half-sections made of metal, the cylinder having a slit-like opening between two adjacent edges of the halfsections for the passage of the hair therethrough and adapted to be disposed about the rod and thereupon to enclose the hair wound thereon, said cylinder providing a mandrel on which the new-growth length portion of the hair to be waved may be curled preliminary to imparting a permanent wave thereto, and means extending along said opening for sealing the cylinder against the ingress of a liquid used in imparting said permanent wave.

2. Apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein said cylinder sections are interiorly lined with a rubber-like material.

3. Apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein a sheet of rubber-like material adhered to the inner surfaces of said sections constitutes an interior lining therefor, said sheet bridging the joint between the other two adjacent edges of the half-sections and providing a hinge connection therefor.

4. Apparatus as set forth in claim 3, wherein said lining is extended beyond the ends and said other two adjacent edges of the cylinder half-sections, the lining extensions at the ends of the half sections overlying the outer surfaces of said sections to provide end sealing bands, and the lining extension at said other meeting edges of the cylinder half-sections forming sealing lips extending along the slit-like opening therein.

5. Apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein the cylinder is open at both ends, and wherein means are provided to close the open ends of said cylinder.

6. Apparatus as set forth in claim 5, wherein the 6 cylinder closing means is mounted, at least in part, on said rod.

7. Apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein the cylinder is open at both ends, and wherein end caps are provided to close said cylinder, one of said end caps being carried by said rod.

8. Apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein the cylinder is open at both ends, and wherein the winding rod carries cylindrical members adapted to close the ends of said cylinder.

9. Apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein the cylinder is open at both ends and along one longitudinal side, and has longitudinal side edges meeting in assembly to define said slit-like opening, and said winding rod is provided with cylindrical members serving to close the cylinder ends, the adjacent ends of said members having reduced diameter and providing shouldered seats for the ends of the cylinder and being provided with aligned, radially disposed slots, one longitudinal side edge of the cylinder being inturned radially to enter said slots,

and the other longitudinal side edge being adapted to overlap said one edge upon assembly of the cylinder on said winding rod.

10. Apparatus as set forth in claim 9, wherein the cylinder sections are interiorly lined with rubber-like material extending across the joint between the other longitudinal side edges of the sections and providing the hinge connection between said sections.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,164,102 Kremer Dec. 14, 1915 1,334,719 Szlanyi Mar. 23, 1920 1,379,027 Lanteri May 24, 1921 1,637,147 Lewis July 26, 1927 1,664,023 Coulson Mar. 27, 1928 1,827,785 Frederics Oct. 20, 1931 2,152,714 Torres Apr. 4, 1939 2,250,358 Cirillo July 22, 1941 2,328,192 Casieri Aug. 31, 1943 2,330,128 Urs Sept. 21, 1943 2,518,262 Wilson Aug. 8, 1950 FOREIGN PATENTS 619,920 France Jan. 11, 1927 728,078 Germany Oct. 15, 1942 

